Mouthwash test for predicting head and neck cancer recurrence

Head and neck cancers represent nearly 4 percent of all cancers in the U.S., and they are most commonly diagnosed in individuals over 50. Treatment options often include surgery and radiation, which can significantly impact a patient's quality of life by affecting speech, swallowing, and appearance. Early detection of recurrence is vital in minimizing these effects, but it can be challenging to distinguish between post-treatment changes and cancer recurrence. 

In this study, researchers investigated whether two biomarkers – CD44, a tumor-initiating molecule, and total protein levels – detected in saliva collected from oral rinses could be used to predict cancer recurrence. "Our study suggests biomarker detection in saliva collected from an oral rinse after initial treatment offers potential to readily assess recurrence risk," said Dr. Elizabeth Franzmann, a head and neck surgeon at Sylvester and co-corresponding author of the study. 

The clinical trial, which involved more than 160 patients from multiple cancer centers, evaluated the levels of CD44 and total protein in oral-rinse samples collected up to 18 months after initial treatment. Laboratory tests and experimental lateral-flow tests – similar to pregnancy and COVID-19 tests – were used to measure biomarker presence. 

Dr. Franzmann reported, "Compared to patients with normal protein levels three months after treatment, patients with about twice as much total protein had an estimated 65 percent greater risk of recurrence." Additionally, patients with CD44 levels three times higher than normal had a 62 percent greater risk of recurrence. 

The researchers also gathered preliminary data for the development of a rapid, point-of-care test to measure these biomarkers. Such a test could greatly benefit patients by enabling early detection and reducing the need for more invasive procedures. While further research is necessary to confirm the findings and refine the technology, the results are promising. 

With better prediction tools for cancer recurrence, clinicians could reduce the need for harsh treatments and improve patient outcomes. As this research advances, the development of a rapid, noninvasive biomarker test may provide a practical and cost-effective method for monitoring head and neck cancer patients. 

MEDICA-tradefair.com; Source: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine