Real-time monitoring for better health: Smart sensors in use

Real-time medical monitoring using modern sensors is fundamentally changing patient care. With the ability to continuously and precisely measure vital signs, these technologies enable close monitoring and contribute to the early detection of health problems.

Regardless of the form, the sensor solutions not only contribute to treatment efficiency, but also to an improved quality of life for patients. The following current sensor solutions are examples of how medical monitoring can be raised to a new level in various areas.

The American Chemical Society (ACS) presents a promising example for the future of real-time medical monitoring: A self-powered sensor designed specifically to optimize MRI exams. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) powers the sensor by generating energy through friction between polymers. This makes it possible to avoid metal or magnetic components that could interfere with the MRI technology. Not only does this make handling easier, it also minimizes maintenance costs.

As the sensor adjusts the contrast of the images in real time, tissue structures are displayed more clearly. This allows radiologists to identify abnormalities such as tumors or inflammation more easily. In addition, the self-powered sensor reduces the need for manual adjustments on the MRI, which improves the workflow and increases the reliability of the imaging at the same time.

Another solution comes from the Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM: A sensor that precisely measures the oxygen content in the air we breathe. Traditionally, a finger clip measures the oxygen concentration in the blood of patients in intensive care or during anesthesia. The O2-sensor that has been developed can be integrated into breathing masks or breathing tubes and thus continuously measure the oxygen content non-invasively.

The sensor uses an optical measuring method in which a fluorescent substance comes into play. Oxygen weakens the substance's luminosity. This provides medical professionals with precise data on the composition of the respiratory gas in real time and enables them to react quickly and reliably to changes. Thus, making patient care safer and more efficient.

A fascinating approach from another area of medical technology is the development of a sensor sole specially designed for diabetes patients. This insole, developed in collaboration with the Magdeburg-based company Thorsis, uses smart temperature sensors to prevent foot ulcers - a common complication of diabetes.

The sensors detect temperature differences on the feet, as the temperature rises locally in the event of inflammation. Impending ulcers can thus be detected at an early stage before serious complications arise. “If we can prevent two thirds of ulcers, we will have a major impact. There are around 35,000 amputations per year in Germany, 75 percent of which are caused by diabetes and sensory disorders,” explains Prof. Peter R. Mertens, Director of the University Clinic for Renal and Hypertensive Diseases at Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, the importance of the sensor solution. In combination with telemedicine, the sensor sole can ensure close monitoring of patients and significantly reduce the risk of amputations.

In the field of post-operative monitoring, the EU project ThrombUS+ is developing a solution with sensors that is to be used specifically for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. It consists of a portable, AI-based wearable that continuously monitors physiological signals. Several sensors are combined - including ultrasound, electrical impedance plethysmography and light reflection rheography - to monitor venous activity and thus enable precise early detection.

The system can provide support particularly in the clinical environment, for example in the recovery room after an operation, by automatically alerting medical staff and enabling preventative measures to be taken. “In addition to monitoring, a second aspect is prevention using a network of sensors for physiological signals and activity measurements to assess the activity patterns of the lower limb,” comments Dr. Thorsten Prinz from the German Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies (VDE), which is supporting the project. Thanks to these preventive approaches, the wearable can contribute to the prevention of venous thrombosis both in the clinical environment and in outpatient care by monitoring patients' movement activity and assisting with preventive measures.

The sensor solutions presented show how new technologies are constantly expanding and improving the possibilities. Through the continuous monitoring and early detection of critical health parameters, such as in MRI imaging, respiratory gas analysis, diabetes prevention and thrombosis detection, these technologies enable more precise diagnoses and targeted preventive measures.

Whether in everyday clinical practice or in outpatient care, these sensors not only increase the efficiency of treatments, but also improve patients' quality of life. The use of intelligent sensors makes patient monitoring safer, faster and more individualized, which optimizes healthcare overall in the long term.