The researchers introduced the concept of the "digital phenotype," describing traits measured through devices like smartwatches. This approach enables continuous tracking of physical and behavioral patterns over time, offering a detailed view of psychiatric illnesses.
Jason Liu, a member of Gerstein’s lab and co-lead author of the study, says: “One advantage of doing this is that we can use the digital phenotype almost as a diagnostic tool or a biomarker, and also bridge the gap between disease and genetics.”
The team identified that heart rate was particularly significant for ADHD prediction, while sleep quality and stages were more relevant for anxiety diagnosis. Additionally, wearable data could help differentiate between subtypes of conditions like ADHD. For example, distinctions between inattention and hyperactivity might improve treatment strategies, noted Beatrice Borsari, a postdoctoral associate and co-lead author.